Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 0.80 See the following criteria.
Human parvovirus B19 Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 0.80 See the following criteria.
Human parvovirus B19 DNA, qualitative
serum
0.7
S09 ↓ ARR
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human papillomavirus DNA (genotypes 16, 18, and other highrisk groups)
cervix
3.0
V41
2-4
PCR(Real-time PCR)
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
HPV type 16: Negative HPV type 18: Negative Other high-risk groups: Negative
Human papillomavirus DNA (high-risk group)
tissues swab of affected area
V60
See below
3-5
Liquid(nucleic acid)hybridization
Liquid (nucleic acid) hybridization After isolating rRNA in a liquid phase, hybridization is performed using a chemiluminescent-labeled DNA probe. After allowing the hybrid to be attached to the separating agent, chemiluminescence detection is performed.
Negative
Human papillomavirus DNA (high-risk group) (LBC)
cervix vaginal content vagina
V41
(1 month)
3-5
Liquid(nucleic acid)hybridization
Liquid (nucleic acid) hybridization After isolating rRNA in a liquid phase, hybridization is performed using a chemiluminescent-labeled DNA probe. After allowing the hybrid to be attached to the separating agent, chemiluminescence detection is performed.
Negative
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping
cervix
V41
(28 days)
4-6
PCR-rSSO
Negative
Human papillomavirus DNA (low-risk group)
tissues swab of affected area
V60
4-10
Liquid(nucleic acid)hybridization
Liquid (nucleic acid) hybridization After isolating rRNA in a liquid phase, hybridization is performed using a chemiluminescent-labeled DNA probe. After allowing the hybrid to be attached to the separating agent, chemiluminescence detection is performed.
Negative
Human papillomavirus DNA (low-risk group) (LBC)(Suspended beyond orders placed 09-02-2021)
cervix vaginal content vagina
V41
(1 month)
4-10
Liquid(nucleic acid)hybridization
Liquid (nucleic acid) hybridization After isolating rRNA in a liquid phase, hybridization is performed using a chemiluminescent-labeled DNA probe. After allowing the hybrid to be attached to the separating agent, chemiluminescence detection is performed.
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus DNA, qualitative
conjunctiva swab
PSD
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Adenovirus DNA, qualitative
random urine
0.7
ARR
(1 month)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Adenovirus DNA, qualitative
stool
500mg
F00
(1 month)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Adenovirus type 1
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 2
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 3
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 4
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 5
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 6
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 7
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 8
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 11
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 19
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 21
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Adenovirus type 37
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Herpes simplex virus, IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 2.0 See the following criteria.
Herpes simplex virus, IgG
CSF
0.4
A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 0.20 See the following criteria.
Herpes simplex virus, IgM
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 0.80See thefollowingcriteria.
Herpes simplex virus DNA, qualitative
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
2.0
PN5
(10 days)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Herpes simplex virus DNA, qualitative
CSF
0.7
ARR
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Herpes simplex virus DNA, qualitative
swab of affected area
PSD
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Herpes simplex virus DNA, qualitative
tissues
50mg
ARR
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Herpes simplex virus DNA quantitative
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
5.0
PN7
(10 days)
2-4
PCR(Real-time PCR)
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
< 2.0×101(copy/106 cells)
Herpes simplex virus, type 1
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
6-12
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Herpes simplex virus, type 2
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
6-12
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
Negative
Varicella-zoster virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Varicella-zoster virus IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 2.0See thefollowingcriteria.
Varicella-zoster virus IgM
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 0.80See thefollowingcriteria.
Varicella-zoster virus DNA,qualitative
swab of affected area
PSD
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Varicella-zoster virus DNA,qualitative
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
2.0
PN5
(10 days)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Varicella-zoster virus DNA,qualitative
CSF
0.7
ARR
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Enzyme-labeled antibody method A technique to measure the enzyme activity of a specific antigen. Using enzyme-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured. The direct method uses enzyme-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses unlabeled antibodies that react with the antigen first and enzyme-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
Negative
Cytomegalovirus pp65 antigen (C7-HRP)
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
3.0
PN5
2-4
Direct enzyme labeled antibody method
Enzyme-labeled antibody method A technique to measure the enzyme activity of a specific antigen. Using enzyme-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured. The direct method uses enzyme-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses unlabeled antibodies that react with the antigen first and enzyme-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
Negative
Cytomegalovirus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Cytomegalovirus IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 2.0See the followingcriteria.
Cytomegalovirus IgM
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 0.80See the followingcriteria.
Cytomegalovirus DNA, qualitative
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
2.0
PN5
(10 days)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Cytomegalovirus DNA, qualitative
CSF
0.7
ARR
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Cytomegalovirus DNA, qualitative
swab of affected area
PSD
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Cytomegalovirus DNA, qualitative
random urine
0.7
ARR
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Cytomegalovirus DNA, qualitative
tissues
50mg
ARR
(3 months)
3-5
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Isothermal nucleic acid amplification test Unlike PCR, this method amplifies nucleic acids at constant temperature, using strand displacement DNA synthesis enzymes, etc.
Negative
Epstein-Barr virus DNA (Clonality)
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
7.0
PN7
(10 days)
17-23
Southern blot hybridization
Southern blot hybridization A technique to detect a specific gene by the following procedures: After restriction enzyme digestion of DNA, DNA is isolated and denatured to a single-stranded form with electrophoresis. Using capillary action, the singlestranded DNA is transferred to a nylon membrane and hybridized with a target probe to detect the target gene. This technique is used for analysis of abnormal changes in DNA in a quantitative and qualitative manner.
Epstein-Barr virus DNA (Clonality)
tissues
250mg
ARR
(3 months)
17-23
Southern blot hybridization
Southern blot hybridization A technique to detect a specific gene by the following procedures: After restriction enzyme digestion of DNA, DNA is isolated and denatured to a single-stranded form with electrophoresis. Using capillary action, the singlestranded DNA is transferred to a nylon membrane and hybridized with a target probe to detect the target gene. This technique is used for analysis of abnormal changes in DNA in a quantitative and qualitative manner.
Epstein-Barr virus anti-VCA IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative < 0.5See thefollowingcriteria.
Epstein-Barr virus anti-VCA IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Fluorescent antibody(FA)
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
< 10(x)
Epstein-Barr virus anti-VCA IgM
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative < 0.5See thefollowingcriteria.
Epstein-Barr virus anti-VCA IgM
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Fluorescent antibody(FA)
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
< 10(x)
Epstein-Barr virus anti-VCA IgA
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Fluorescent antibody(FA)
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
< 10(x)
Epstein-Barr virus anti-EA IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative < 0.5See thefollowingcriteria.
Epstein-Barr virus anti-EA-DR IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Fluorescent antibody(FA)
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
< 10(x)
Epstein-Barr virus anti-EA-DR IgA
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Fluorescent antibody(FA)
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
< 10(x)
Epstein-Barr virus anti-EBNA
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Fluorescent antibody(FA)
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
< 10(x)
Epstein-Barr virus anti-EBNA IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative < 0.5See thefollowingcriteria.
Human herpesvirus, type 6 IgG(Suspended beyond orders placed 03-31-2021)
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Fluorescent antibody(FA)
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
< 10(x)
Human herpesvirus, type 6 IgM(Suspended beyond orders placed 03-31-2021)
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Fluorescent antibody(FA)
Fluorescent antibody method (FA) Using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to the target antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out, and the fluorescence intensity is measured using fluorescence microscope. The direct method uses fluorochrome-labeled antibodies that react directly with the antigen. The indirect method uses antibodies that react with the antigen first and then fluorochrome-labeled antibodies for the secondary reaction.
< 10(x)
Human herpesvirus, type 6 DNA, qualitative
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
2.0
PN5
(10 days)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 6 DNA, qualitative
serum
0.7
S09 ↓ ARR
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 6 DNA, qualitative
CSF
0.7
ARR
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 6 DNA, qualitative
swab of affected area
PSD
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 6 DNA, qualitative
tissues
50mg
ARR
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 7 DNA, qualitative
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
2.0
PN5
(10 days)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 7 DNA, qualitative
serum
0.7
S09 ↓ ARR
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 7 DNA, qualitative
CSF
0.7
ARR
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 7 DNA, qualitative
swab of affected area
PSD
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Negative
Human herpesvirus, type 7 DNA, qualitative
tissues
50mg
ARR
(3 months)
3-9
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique to amplify a specific target region of DNA in an exponential manner. By heating DNA molecules, the DNA denatures and becomes single stranded, and then by cooling, the DNA anneals to the double stranded again. By using this phenomenon, a single-stranded DNA is used as a template to bind the target primer. The DNA synthesis occurs by repeated cycles of DNA polymerase activity.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Negative
Enterovirus type 70
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
6-12
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Enterovirus type 71
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
6-12
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 2
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 3
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 4
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 5
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 6
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 7
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 9
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 9
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 10
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group A, type 16
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 1
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 1
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 2
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 2
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 3
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 3
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 4
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 4
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 5
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 5
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 6
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Coxsackie virus Group B, type 6
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 1
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 3
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 4
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 5
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 6
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 7
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 9
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 11
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 12
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 13
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 14
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 16
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
5-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 17
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 18
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
5-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 19
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 21
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus (Parechovirus type 1) type 22
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 24
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 25
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
ECHO virus type 30
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Japanese encephalitis virus, JaGAr strains
serum
0.5
S09 ↓ A00
4-7
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
JaGAr: < 10 JaGAr 2ME: < 10 (x)
Japanese encephalitis virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Japanese encephalitis virus RNA, qualitative(Suspended beyond orders placed 09-02-2021)
CSF
0.5
ARR
(3 months)
7-11
RT-PCR
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Negative
Rubella virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
< 8 (x)
Rubella virus IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 2.0 See the following criteria.
Rubella virus IgM
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Influenza virus, type A: Negative Influenza virus, type B: Negative
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Influenza virus, type A: Negative Influenza virus, type B: Negative
Influenza virus type A (H1N1)(H3N2)
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
Type A (H1N1): < 10 Type A (H3N2): < 10 (x)
Influenza virus type A
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Influenza virus type B
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
B-1: < 10 B-2: < 10 (x)
Influenza virus type B
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
< 10 (x)
Parainfluenza virus, type 2
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
< 10 (x)
Parainfluenza virus, type 3
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
< 10 (x)
RS virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
RS virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
< 8 (x)
Measles virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-11
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Measles virus IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 2.0 See the following criteria.
Measles virus IgM
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Negative
Mumps virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
< 8 (x)
Mumps virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
7-13
Neutralization test(NT)
Neutralization test (NT) A technique based on neutralization: Through reaction of a virus with specific antibody, loss of infectivity occurs. The virus and the antibody against the virus are reacted and inoculated into cell culture that is sensitive to the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibody is determined based on the cytopathogenic effect (CPE).
< 4 (x)
Mumps virus
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Complement fixation(CF)
Complement fixation (CF) A technique based on the principle that complements bind with antigen-antibody complexes and that they mediate hemolysis. When red blood cells coated with hemolysin (sensitized red blood cells) bind to complements, hemolysis occurs; however, in the existence of the antigen-antibody complexes, complements are used, resulting in no hemolysis. Based on the hemolytic reaction, the presence of a specific antibody is determined.
< 4 (x)
Mumps virus, IgG
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative: < 2.0 See the following criteria.
Mumps virus, IgM
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
EIA
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) EIA is based on the same assay principle as RIA. Using either enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody as a labeledsubstance, the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) When RNA to be amplified by PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized using reverse transcriptase (RT) using RNA as a template.
Negative
HTLV-I (ATLV) antibody
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
Particle agglutination(PA)
Particle agglutination (PA) Using antigen- or antibody-coated gelatin particles (sensitizing particles), etc., the antigen-antibody reaction is carried out. The existence of the antibody or antigen is determined based on appearance or non-appearance of clots.
< 16 (x)
HTLV-I (ATLV) antibody
serum
0.5
S09 ↓ A00
(21 days)
2-4
CLEIA
Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) Antibodies linked to the solid phase are reacted with antigens that are secondarily reacted with enzyme-labeled antibodies. After adding a chemiluminescent substrate, the emission intensity is measured.
Negative
HTLV-1 antibody
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
(28 days)
3-5
Line immunoassay(LIA)
Line immunoassay When antigens are mechanically applied onto a membrane, specific antibodies are reacted to the antigens, and antibodies labeled with enzymes are subsequently reacted to detect the antibodies.
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Negative (No provirus was found)
HTLV-1 Provirus DNA qualitative
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
7.0
PN7
(3 days)
10-16
PCR(Real-time PCR)
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Negative (No provirus was found)
HTLV-1 Provirus DNA qualitative
tissues
50mg
ARR
10-16
PCR(Real-time PCR)
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Negative (No provirus was found)
HTLV-I (ATLV) Provirus DNA (Clonality)
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
7.0
PN7
(10 days)
17-23
Southern blot hybridization
Southern blot hybridization A technique to detect a specific gene by the following procedures: After restriction enzyme digestion of DNA, DNA is isolated and denatured to a single-stranded form with electrophoresis. Using capillary action, the singlestranded DNA is transferred to a nylon membrane and hybridized with a target probe to detect the target gene. This technique is used for analysis of abnormal changes in DNA in a quantitative and qualitative manner.
HTLV-I (ATLV) Provirus DNA (Clonality)
tissues
250mg
ARR
(1 month)
17-23
Southern blot hybridization
Southern blot hybridization A technique to detect a specific gene by the following procedures: After restriction enzyme digestion of DNA, DNA is isolated and denatured to a single-stranded form with electrophoresis. Using capillary action, the singlestranded DNA is transferred to a nylon membrane and hybridized with a target probe to detect the target gene. This technique is used for analysis of abnormal changes in DNA in a quantitative and qualitative manner.
Western blot A technique to detect a specific protein by separating proteins using electrophoresis, electrical transfer of proteins to a nitrocellulose membrane, and marking the target protein using a proper primary antibody and a proper enzyme-labeled secondary antibody. This technique is also called as immunoblot.
Negative
HIV-1 RNA quantitative
plasma
1.8
PSF
(22 days)
3-5
RT-PCR(Real-time PCR)
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Western blot A technique to detect a specific protein by separating proteins using electrophoresis, electrical transfer of proteins to a nitrocellulose membrane, and marking the target protein using a proper primary antibody and a proper enzyme-labeled secondary antibody. This technique is also called as immunoblot.
Negative
HIV, antigen/antibody
serum
0.6
S09 ↓ A00
2-4
CLEIA
Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) Antibodies linked to the solid phase are reacted with antigens that are secondarily reacted with enzyme-labeled antibodies. After adding a chemiluminescent substrate, the emission intensity is measured.
Negative
HIV screening(Suspended beyond orders placed 03-31-2021)
serum and plasma
0.6 and 1.8
S09 ↓ A00 and PSF
and
3-12
Human immunodeficiency virus, antigen/antibody,CLEIA HIV-1 RNA quantitative:RT-PCR (Realtime PCR)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Antibodies linked to the solid phase are reacted with antigens that are secondarily reacted with enzyme-labeled antibodies. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative
Norovirus RNA, qualitative
stool
0.5g
F00
(7 days)
2-8
RT-PCR(Real-time PCR)
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
None-detected
Dengue virus Nonstructural Protein 1 antigen
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
2-8
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Antibodies linked to the solid phase are reacted with antigens that are secondarily reacted with enzyme-labeled antibodies. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative
ECHO virus type 11(Suspended beyond orders placed 12-03-2020)
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
< 8(x)
ECHO virus type 7(Suspended beyond orders placed 12-03-2020)
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
< 8(x)
ECHO virus type 3(Suspended beyond orders placed 12-03-2020)
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
None-detected (copy/μg DNA)
Cytomegalovirus DNA quantitative(Suspended beyond orders placed 03-31-2021)
whole blood (with EDTA-2Na)
5.0
PN7
(10 days)
2-4
PCR(Real-time PCR)
Real-time PCR Real-time PCR is the one of the nucleic acid amplification tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the basic principle. By the use of oligonucleotide that yields fluorescence after degradation, the fluorescent signal is identified for each PCR cycle, which enables the real-time quantification of the target nucleic acid.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Antibodies linked to the solid phase are reacted with antigens that are secondarily reacted with enzyme-labeled antibodies. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Antibodies linked to the solid phase are reacted with antigens that are secondarily reacted with enzyme-labeled antibodies. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Antibodies linked to the solid phase are reacted with antigens that are secondarily reacted with enzyme-labeled antibodies. After adding a chromogenic substrate, the enzyme activity is measured.
Negative
ECHO virus type 12(Suspended beyond orders placed 12-03-2020)
serum
0.2
S09 ↓ A00
3-5
Hemagglutination inhibition(HI)
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) A technique based on the phenomenon that hemagglutinating activities of viruses are inhibited by antibodies against the viruses. Antigen-antibody complexes are reacted with red blood cells, and the presence of the antibody against the virus is determined by whether or not hemagglutination is inhibited or not.
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Notifications of URL changes/lab information added
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